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[摘要]：The preparation of a series of 2-(aryloxy)-3-phenylpropanoic acids, resulting from the introduction of different substituents into the biphenyl system of the previously reported peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/gamma (PPAR alpha/gamma) dual agonist 1, allowed the identification of new ligands with higher potency on PPAR alpha and fine-tuned moderate PPAR gamma activity. For the most promising stereoisomer (S)-16, X-ray and calorimetric studies in PPAR gamma revealed, at high ligand concentration, the presence of two molecules simultaneously bound to the receptor. On the basis of these results and docking experiments in both receptor subtypes, a molecular explanation was provided for its different behavior as a full and partial agonist of PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma, respectively. The effects of (S)-16 on mitochondrial acylcarnitine carrier and carnitine-palmitoyl-transferase 1 gene expression, two key components of the carnitine shuttle system, were also investigated, allowing the hypothesis of a more beneficial pharmacological profile of this compound compared to the less potent PPAR alpha agonist fibrates currently used in therapy. |
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