Organic Reaction in Water: A Highly Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of Spiro Compounds Catalyzed by L-Proline

[摘要]：We have developed a clean, simple and efficient method for the synthesis of spiro compounds by three-component reaction of isatins (= 1H-indole-2,3-diones) or acenaphthylene-1,2-dione, 1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazoles-5-amines, and tetronic acid (= furan-2,4-(3H,5H)-dione or 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone in the presence of a catalytic amount of l-proline in aqueous media. The advantages of this procedure are mild reaction conditions, high yields of products, operational simplicity, and easy workup procedures employed.

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