[摘要]：A template-directed growth method for metals is described in which ordered arrays of super-long single-crystalline metal nanowires with atomic-level-controlled width, thickness (height), and surface location are prepared by molecular beam epitaxy. Their subsequent examination by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy is also outlined. A phase-separated stripe pattern composed of alternately a Ge-rich incommensurate phase and a root 3 x root 3 phase is first obtained by Ge deposition on Si(111) substrates. Further deposition of Pb on this patterned surface leads to a well-ordered array of super-long Pb nanowires. Using the same mechanism, superconducting Pb nanorings can also be fabricated. In this review of our recent work, these Pb single-crystalline nanowires and nanorings are shown to serve as an ideal platform for the study of superconductivity in reduced dimensionalities. Furthermore, because the widths and spatial distributions of two phases can be precisely controlled by the Ge coverage and substrate temperature, and because a metal will always selectively nucleate on one of two phases, this template-directed growth method can be applied to a wide range of metals.
