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[摘要]：An innovative approach for realization of broadband 4 x 4 Butler matrices, in which broadband symmetrical multisection 3-dB/90 degrees directional couplers are used as basic elements, has been presented. A new technique for realization of center crossover together with 45 degrees phase shifters is proposed where phase correction networks, consisting of a number of coupled-line sections, are applied. The use of the proposed phase correction networks allows to achieve equal-ripple 45 degrees differential phase characteristics in a wide frequency range. Numerical results for the design of broadband 4 x 4 Butler matrices consisting of multisection symmetrical 3-dB/90 degrees directional couplers having three, five, seven, and nine coupled-line sections in conjunction with phase correction networks having an appropriate number of coupled-line sections are given in a tabular form. A method of performance improvement for broadband Butler matrices by the combinatory use of directional couplers consisting of different number of coupled-line sections is also proposed. To verify the presented analysis a broadband 4 x 4 Butler matrix consisting of six 3-dB/90 degrees three-section symmetrical coupled-line directional couplers and two single-section coupled-line phase correction networks has been designed, manufactured, and measured. Results of measurements of the designed Butler matrix fully confirm the validity of the proposed technique of broadband 4 x 4 Butler matrix realization. |
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