[摘要]：The twin boundary motion driven by thermo-magnetic coupling was in-situ studied in a NiMnGa single crystal using high-energy x-ray diffraction technique. An unstable martensite with an internal stress of similar to 8 MPa was obtained through a thermo-magnetic training. The triple martensite variants assisted by internal stress are distinct from the self-accommodated martensite twin variants with a stress-free state, and a single martensite-variant can be actuated only by a magnetic field of similar to 0.34 T, equivalent to an actuator stress of about 1.3 MPa. The generation of so large internal stress among variants is attributed to the altered martensite nucleation sites triggered by external fields during thermo-magnetic training. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3645626]
