Peptidoglycan as Nod1 ligand; fragment structures in the environment, chemical synthesis, and their innate immunostimulation

[摘要]：This review focuses on the recent revealing of the immunostimulatory bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan (PGN) fragments as Nod1 ligands, especially a newly developed chemical synthesis of the partial structures, fragment structures in the environment and bacterial supernatant, and the immunostimulatory activities of the Nod1 ligands.

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