Background: Improved understanding of disease biology of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with nearly universal expression of EGFR has led to the introduction of targeted therapies to interrupt signalling of this negative prognostic marker. Objective: We performed a literature review on the mechanisms and efficacy of anti-EGFR antibodies and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with locally advanced or recurrent/metastatic HNSCC. Results/conclusion: Clinical trials in HNSCC have administered EGFR directed drugs as single agents, in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy and demonstrated a good safety profile with antitumour activity in a subgroup of patients. The biology of responsiveness is still unclear, although there is growing evidence of an association of skin toxicity or presence of shorter EGFR intron 1 cytosine-adenine repeats with positive outcome.
