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[摘要]：This account summarizes our recent research on green functional group transformations using easily prepared supported ruthenium hydroxide catalysts [Ru(OH)(x)/support, support = Al2O3, TiO2, or Fe3O4]. Various kinds of functional group transformations, e.g. the oxidation (oxidative dehydrogenation) of alcohols and amines, hydrogen-transfer reactions, such as racemization and reduction, and the hydration of nitriles, can be promoted by the concerted activation of the substrates (including alcohols, amines, and nitriles) by the Lewis acid and Bronsted base sites on the Ru(OH)(x)/support catalyst. In addition, we have successfully developed three novel catalytic transformations with the Ru(OH)(x)/support catalysts: (1) the oxygenation of primary amines to give amides, (2) the direct oxidative synthesis of nitriles from primary alcohols and ammonia, and (3) the N-alkylation of ammonia (or its surrogates) with alcohols to produce symmetrically substituted tertiary or secondary amines. The catalyses for these transformations are truly heterogeneous, and the catalysts retrieved after the transformations can be reused with retention of their high catalytic performance. |
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