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[摘要]：Hyperinsulinemia and type II diabetes are associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal tumors. We found previously that in intestinal cells, insulin or insulin-like growth factor-1 stimulates c-Myc and cyclin D1 protein expression through both Akt-dependent and Akt-independent mechanisms. The effect of Akt is attributed to the stimulation of c-Myc translation by mammalian target of rapamycin. However, Akt-independent stimulation was, associated with an increase in beta-catenin (beta-cat) in the nucleus and an increased association between beta-cat and T-cell factor binding sites on the c-Myc promoter, detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation. In this study, we show that insulin stimulated the phosphorylation/activation of p-21-activated protein kinase-1 (PAK-1) in an Akt-independent manner in vitro and in an in vivo hyperinsulinemic mouse model. Significantly, shRNA (small hairpin RNA)-mediated PAK-1 knockdown attenuated both basal and insulin-stimulated c-Myc and cyclin D1 expression, associated with a marked reduction in extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation and beta-cat phosphorylation at Ser675. Furthermore, PAK-1 silencing led to a complete blockade of insulin-stimulated beta-cat binding to the c-Myc promoter and cellular growth. Finally, inhibition of MEK, a downstream target of PAK-1, blocked insulin-stimulated nuclear beta-cat accumulation and c-Myc expression. Our observations suggest that PAK-1 serves as an important linker between insulin and Wnt signaling pathways. Oncogene (2009) 28, 3132-3144; doi: 10.1038/onc.2009.167; published online 6 July 2009 |
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