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[摘要]：Dielectrically controlled resolution (DCR) has been achieved during the crystallization of (S)-1-phenylethylamides of racemic 1,1'-binaphthalene-2,2'-dicarboxylic acid (RSa,S)-1. For example, a water well-shaped plot is obtained for the diastereomeric excess (de) of the deposited amide versus the solvent permittivity (epsilon) for the crystallization of (RSa,S)-1 from three-component mixed solvents, consisting of 25 vol% of dichloromethane and 75 vol% of varying ratios of two solvents (i.e., an alcohol and either hexane or water). The de value drastically changes within two narrow epsilon ranges and diastereomerically pure crystals of either (R-a,S)-1 (13.9 <= epsilon <= 17.9) or (S-a,S)-1 center dot CH2Cl2 (epsilon <= 11.9 and epsilon >= 21.8) deposit, depending on the solvent permittivity. X-ray crystallographic analyses reveal that the major difference between the crystal structures of (S-a,S)-1 and (R-a,S)-1 is the presence of solvent molecules that fill the spatial voids in the (S-a,S)1 crystals. The e-dependence of the chemical shifts of (S-a,S)-1 and (R-a,S)-1 suggests that their aggregation states are similar in the same solvents and change discontinuously at two epsilon values. The epsilon-dependence of the C=O stretching vibrations suggests that the lower e is a transition point where the amide molecules, which aggregate through intermolecular hydrogen bonds in low-permittivity solvents, begin to dissociate. An absorption experiment suggests that dichloromethane is easily incorporated into solvent-free (S-a,S)-1 crystals in high-permittivity solvents. On the basis of these observations, a feasible molecular mechanism is proposed for the present DCR phenomenon. |
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