- Loss of parity between IL-2 and IL-21 in the NOD Idd3 locus
[作者:McGuire, HM; Vogelzang, A; Hill, N; Flodstrom-Tullberg, M; Sprent, J; King, C,期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 页码:19438-19443 , 文章类型: Article,,卷期:2009年106-46]
- IL-2 and IL-21 are two cytokines with great potential to affect autoimmune infiltration of nonlymphoid tissue, and are contained within the strongest non-MHC-linked locus for type 1 diabetes (T1D) susceptibility on the n...
- Reconstruction of the climate envelopes of salamanders and their evolution through time
[作者:Vieites, DR; Nieto-Roman, S; Wake, DB,期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 页码:19715-19722 , 文章类型: Article,,卷期:2009年106-46]
- Ecological niches evolve through time, but at different rates and to different degrees. An integrated approach using diverse databases, methods, and analytical tools is used to estimate climate envelopes for species of s...
- Climatic extremes improve predictions of spatial patterns of tree species
[作者:Zimmermann, NE; Yoccoz, NG; Edwards, TC; Meier, ES; Thuiller, W; Guisan, A; Schmatz, DR; Pearman, PB,期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 页码:19723-19728 , 文章类型: Article,,卷期:2009年106-46]
- Understanding niche evolution, dynamics, and the response of species to climate change requires knowledge of the determinants of the environmental niche and species range limits. Mean values of climatic variables are oft...
- Rescue and characterization of episomally replicating DNA from the moss Physcomitrella
[作者:Muren, E; Nilsson, A; Ulfstedt, M; Johansson, M; Ronne, H,期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 页码:19444-19449 , 文章类型: Article,,卷期:2009年106-46]
- The moss Physcomitrella is unique among plants in that it permits efficient gene targeting by homologous recombination. Furthermore, transformed DNA can replicate episomally in Physcomitrella. Here we show that episomall...
- Adenovirus E3 MHC inhibitory genes but not TNF/Fas apoptotic inhibitory genes expressed in beta cells prevent autoimmune diabetes
[作者:Horwitz, MS; Efrat, S; Christen, U; von Herrath, MG; Oldstone, MBA,期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 页码:19450-19454 , 文章类型: Article,,卷期:2009年106-46]
- To mimic events and molecules involved in type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (T1D), we previously designed a transgenic (tg) mouse model where the viral nucleoprotein (NP) gene of lymphocytic choriomeningitis vir...
- Transcriptional regulator Id2 controls survival of hepatic NKT cells
[作者:Monticelli, LA; Yang, Y; Knell, J; D'Cruz, LM; Cannarile, MA; Engel, I; Kronenberg, M; Goldrath, AW,期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 页码:19461-19466 , 文章类型: Article,,卷期:2009年106-46]
- Natural killer T cells expressing an invariant T-cell receptor ( iNKT) regulate activation of both innate and adaptive immunity in many contexts. iNKT cells accumulate in the liver and rapidly produce prodigious amounts ...
- Ecological specialization and population size in a biodiversity hotspot: How rare species avoid extinction
[作者:Williams, SE; Williams, YM; VanDerWal, J; Isaac, JL; Shoo, LP; Johnson, CN,期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 页码:19737-19741 , 文章类型: Article,,卷期:2009年106-46]
- Species with narrow environmental niches typically have small geographic ranges. Small range size is, in turn, often associated with low local abundance. Together, these factors should mean that ecological specialists ha...
- PTEN dosage is essential for neurofibroma development and malignant transformation
[作者:Gregorian, C; Nakashima, J; Dry, SM; Nghiemphu, PL; Smith, KB; Ao, Y; Dang, J; Lawson, G; Mellinghoff, IK; Mischel, PS; Phelps, M; Parada, LF; Liu, X; Sofroniew, MV; Eilber, FC; Wu, H,期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 页码:19479-19484 , 文章类型: Article,,卷期:2009年106-46]
- Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) carry approximately a 10% lifetime risk of developing a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST). Although the molecular mechanisms underlying NF1 to MPNST malignant tr...
- Hypoxia-induced pathological angiogenesis mediates tumor cell dissemination, invasion, and metastasis in a zebrafish tumor model
[作者:Lee, SLC; Rouhi, P; Jensen, LD; Zhang, DF; Ji, H; Hauptmann, G; Ingham, P; Cao, YH,期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 页码:19485-19490 , 文章类型: Article,,卷期:2009年106-46]
- Mechanisms underlying pathological angiogenesis in relation to hypoxia in tumor invasion and metastasis remain elusive. Here, we have developed a zebrafish tumor model that allows us to study the role of pathological ang...
- Climate, carbon cycling, and deep-ocean ecosystems
[作者:Smith, KL; Ruhl, HA; Bett, BJ; Billett, DSM; Lampitt, RS; Kaufmann, RS,期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 页码:19211-19218 , 文章类型: Article,,卷期:2009年106-46]
- Climate variation affects surface ocean processes and the production of organic carbon, which ultimately comprises the primary food supply to the deep-sea ecosystems that occupy approximate to 60% of the Earth's surface....
- A nonsense mutation in cGMP-dependent type II protein kinase (PRKG2) causes dwarfism in American Angus cattle
[作者:Koltes, JE; Mishra, BP; Kumar, D; Kataria, RS; Totir, LR; Fernando, RL; Cobbold, R; Steffen, D; Coppieters, W; Georges, M; Reecy, JM,期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 页码:19250-19255 , 文章类型: Article,,卷期:2009年106-46]
- Historically, dwarfism was the major genetic defect in U. S. beef cattle. Aggressive culling and sire testing were used to minimize its prevalence; however, neither of these practices can eliminate a recessive genetic de...
- Dynamic bookmarking of primary response genes by p300 and RNA polymerase II complexes
[作者:Byun, JS; Wong, MM; Cui, WW; Idelman, G; Li, Q; De Siervi, A; Bilke, S; Haggerty, CM; Player, A; Wang, YH; Thirman, MJ; Kaberlein, JJ; Petrovas, C; Koup, RA; Longo, D; Ozato, K; Gardner, K,期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 页码:19292-19297 , 文章类型: Article,,卷期:2009年106-46]
- Profiling the dynamic interaction of p300 with proximal promoters of human T cells identified a class of genes that rapidly coassemble p300 and RNA polymerase II (pol II) following mitogen stimulation. Several of these p...
- Oscillatory recruitment of signaling proteins to cell tips promotes coordinated behavior during cell fusion
[作者:Fleissner, A; Leeder, AC; Roca, MG; Read, ND; Glass, NL,期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 页码:19393-19398 , 文章类型: Article,,卷期:2009年106-46]
- Cell-cell communication is essential for coordinating physiological responses in multicellular organisms and is required for various developmental processes, including cell migration, differentiation, and fusion. To faci...
|