Modulation of oxide properties in a direction perpendicular to surfaces can be easily achieved by advanced thin film deposition tools. In contrast, simultaneous nanoscale modulation of properties in directions perpendicu...
With ionic conductivities superior to conventional doped zirconia and ceria at intermediate temperatures (IT, 700-800 degrees C), bismuth oxide (BiO1.5) materials based on the defect fluorite structure are promising elec...