- Viral reassortment as an information exchange between viral segments
[作者:Greenbaum, BD; Li, OTW; Poon, LLM; Levine, AJ; Rabadan, R,期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 页码:3341-3346 , 文章类型: Article,,卷期:2012年109-9]
- Viruses have an extraordinary ability to diversify and evolve. For segmented viruses, reassortment can introduce drastic genomic and phenotypic changes by allowing a direct exchange of genetic material between coinfectin...
- Mechanical stress-activated integrin alpha 5 beta 1 induces opening of connexin 43 hemichannels
[作者:Batra, N; Burra, S; Siller-Jackson, AJ; Gu, SM; Xia, XC; Weber, GF; DeSimone, D; Bonewald, LF; Lafer, EM; Sprague, E; Schwartz, MA; Jiang, JX,期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 页码:3359-3364 , 文章类型: Article,,卷期:2012年109-9]
- The connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannel (HC) in the mechanosensory osteocytes is a major portal for the release of factors responsible for the anabolic effects of mechanical loading on bone formation and remodeling. However, ...
- Epithelial transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is activated through two independent mechanisms and regulates reactive oxygen species
[作者:Omori, E; Inagaki, M; Mishina, Y; Matsumoto, K; Ninomiya-Tsuji, J,期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 页码:3365-3370 , 文章类型: Article,,卷期:2012年109-9]
- Dysregulation in cellular redox systems results in accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are causally associated with a number of disease conditions. Transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK...
- Solute carrier family 3 member 2 (Slc3a2) controls yolk syncytial layer (YSL) formation by regulating microtubule networks in the zebrafish embryo
[作者:Takesono, A; Moger, J; Faroq, S; Cartwright, E; Dawid, IB; Wilson, SW; Kudoh, T,期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 页码:3371-3376 , 文章类型: Article,,卷期:2012年109-9]
- The yolk syncytial layer (YSL) in the zebrafish embryo is a multinucleated syncytium essential for embryo development, but the molecular mechanisms underlying YSL formation remain largely unknown. Here we show that zebra...
- Purinergic signaling in human pluripotent stem cells is regulated by the housekeeping gene encoding hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
[作者:Mastrangelo, L; Kim, JE; Miyanohara, A; Kang, TH; Friedmann, T,期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 页码:3377-3382 , 文章类型: Article,,卷期:2012年109-9]
- Lesch-Nyhan disease (LND) is an X-linked genetic disorder caused by mutations of the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) purine biosynthesis gene and characterized by aberrant purine metabolism, deficie...
- Fusion protein Isl1-Lhx3 specifies motor neuron fate by inducing motor neuron genes and concomitantly suppressing the interneuron programs
[作者:Lee, S; Cuvillier, JM; Lee, B; Shen, R; Lee, JW; Lee, SK,期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 页码:3383-3388 , 文章类型: Article,,卷期:2012年109-9]
- Combinatorial transcription codes generate the myriad of cell types during development and thus likely provide crucial insights into directed differentiation of stem cells to a specific cell type. The LIM complex compose...
- Size control of the Drosophila hematopoietic niche by bone morphogenetic protein signaling reveals parallels with mammals
[作者:Pennetier, D; Oyallon, J; Morin-Poulard, I; Dejean, S; Vincent, A; Crozatier, M,期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 页码:3389-3394 , 文章类型: Article,,卷期:2012年109-9]
- The Drosophila melanogaster larval hematopoietic organ, the lymph gland, is a model to study in vivo the function of the hematopoietic niche. A small cluster of cells in the lymph gland, the posterior signaling center (P...
- Drivers and hotspots of extinction risk in marine mammals
[作者:Davidson, AD; Boyer, AG; Kim, H; Pompa-Mansilla, S; Hamilton, MJ; Costa, DP; Ceballos, G; Brown, JH,期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 页码:3395-3400 , 文章类型: Article,,卷期:2012年109-9]
- The world's oceans are undergoing profound changes as a result of human activities. However, the consequences of escalating human impacts on marine mammal biodiversity remain poorly understood. The International Union fo...
- Timing of climate variability and grassland productivity
[作者:Craine, JM; Nippert, JB; Elmore, AJ; Skibbe, AM; Hutchinson, SL; Brunsell, NA,期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 页码:3401-3405 , 文章类型: Article,,卷期:2012年109-9]
- Future climates are forecast to include greater precipitation variability and more frequent heat waves, but the degree to which the timing of climate variability impacts ecosystems is uncertain. In a temperate, humid gra...
- Complex response of the forest nitrogen cycle to climate change
[作者:Bernal, S; Hedin, LO; Likens, GE; Gerber, S; Buso, DC,期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 页码:3406-3411 , 文章类型: Article,,卷期:2012年109-9]
- Climate exerts a powerful influence on biological processes, but the effects of climate change on ecosystem nutrient flux and cycling are poorly resolved. Although rare, long-term records offer a unique opportunity to di...
- Evolution of wild cereals during 28 years of global warming in Israel
[作者:Nevo, E; Fu, YB; Pavlicek, T; Khalifa, S; Tavasi, M; Beiles, A,期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 页码:3412-3415 , 文章类型: Article,,卷期:2012年109-9]
- Climate change is a major environmental stress threatening bio-diversity and human civilization. The best hope to secure staple food for humans and animal feed by future crop improvement depends on wild progenitors. We e...
- Antigenic diversity is generated by distinct evolutionary mechanisms in African trypanosome species
[作者:Jackson, AP; Berry, A; Aslett, M; Allison, HC; Burton, P; Vavrova-Anderson, J; Brown, R; Browne, H; Corton, N; Hauser, H; Gamble, J; Gilderthorp, R; Marcello, L; McQuillan, J; Otto, TD; Quail, MA; Sanders, MJ; van Tonder, A; Ginger, ML; Field, MC; Barry, JD; Hertz-Fowler, C; Berriman, M,期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 页码:3416-3421 , 文章类型: Article,,卷期:2012年109-9]
- Antigenic variation enables pathogens to avoid the host immune response by continual switching of surface proteins. The protozoan blood parasite Trypanosoma brucei causes human African trypanosomiasis ("sleeping sickness...
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